2024 HDH
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Overfishing &
Poaching

Overfishing and Poaching are two of the significant causes of animal extinction. But why do these conditions happen?

  • Chinese are enthusiastic about eating different foods, and eventually, they find those tastier and more nutritious domestic animals (aka. mountain products) through hunting.
  • It’s the culture of Taiwan's mountain aborigines, in which fishing and hunting are necessary for their everyday diet; moreover, they are for social and cultural needs.

As a result of these factors, the problem of animal extinction is gradually becoming evident, which also brings up negative influences.

  1. Disruption of the Food Chain
    - reduces animal populations, which slowly extinct
  2. Interrupted Migration Patterns
    - scarce prey, no food, changes migration paths
    - stop animals from migrating altogether, and further lead to a lack of biodiversity
  3. Affect on Agriculture
    - wildlife species are crucial for insect control
    - disappearance, which caused by pest overabundance, threatening crops, and causing food scarcity

Examples

  1. Caspian Tigers
    - It was put on the endangered species list in the 1960s.
    - Human hunt and traded its fur continued.
    - 1900s the Russian government ordered the army to kill all tigers found near the Caspian Sea to set up rice and cotton fields.
    - This species extinct in the 1970s.
  2. American Crocodiles
    - Huamn hunt for their valuable skins used to make shoes, belts, bags, and more.
    - The extinction situation was most severe in the 1950s to 1960s
    - In 2003, the nonprofit World Conservation Union reclassified it as “threatened.”
    - Currently, there are less hunting, but still, the population didn’t recover.

Solutions

  1. establish national parks, where the exploitation of natural resources is strictly prohibited
  2. growing public awareness for greater conservation of natural resources
  3. 1991 Wildlife Conservation Act



Invasion of

Introduced Species

Specific details of this cause

  1. Cause overpopulation
  2. Easily sabotage food web
  3. Reduce biodiversity
  4. Cause a species extinction is possible

How did the cause affect this situation?

  1. preying on native species
  2. outcompeting native species for food or other resources
  3. causing or carrying disease
  4. preventing native species from reproducing or killing a native species' young

Whyis this significantly affect animal extinction?

  1. It can breed and spread quickly, taking over an area.
  2. Native wildlife may not have evolved enough to compete with the new species, thus the invasive species have no predators.
  3. Native does not have immunity toward new disease.

Actions that humans have done (examples)

  1. Mikania micrantha
  2. Pomacea canaliculata
  3. Eichhornia crassipes
  4. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
  5. Solenopsis invicta












Exotic Animals

Exotic animals have a great impact on the environment and local economy. Since exotic animals will either capture the domestic animals or compete for food, resources, and habitat with them, these lead to endangered domestic animals. Moreover, exotic animals might bring diseases or parasites with them as they arrive, and domestic animals are severely affected. It’s the same idea that when Europeans arrived in America, they accidentally brought diseases with them, which caused great depopulation among Native Americans.

Exotic animals can not only affect their similar species but also devastate the whole habitat. For example, the apple snails, originally from South America, are capable of adapting to the environment. All kinds of freshwater environments are invaded in Taiwan. Many local ecosystems are imbalanced since they occupy many lands. In addition, exotic animals can also affect local agriculture. For instance, the Iguana, a kind of lizard with green skin from America, eats all kinds of green vegetables due to its herbivore instinct. Many farmers complain that red bean fields near the water are easily eaten by green iguanas, and their harvest is all gone.






Habitat and Damaging

Habitat loss, which is the reason for animal extinction, due to destruction, fragmentation, or degradation of habitat—is the primary threat to the survival of wildlife all over the globe.

  • Habitat destruction: when a habitat is destroyed, the carrying capacity for indigenous plants, animals, and other organisms is reduced so that populations decline.
  • Habitat fragmentation: if an organism is constrained strictly to one type of habitat in the landscape, then as habitat is lost and fragmented, the patches of habitat become smaller, patch populations become smaller, and local (patch) extinction probabilities increase.
  • Land conversion for development: Land use has transformed ecosystems over three quarters of the terrestrial surface, with massive repercussions on biodiversity.
  • Pollution: creatures that depend on either freshwater or saltwater for all or part of their life cycles, like fish, frogs, marine mammals, and many invertebrates, are especially vulnerable to pollution.
  • Climate change: The warming of the past century has resulted in marked ecological changes, including changes in growing seasons, species ranges, and patterns of seasonal breeding. Shifts in climatic conditions and in habitats will surpass migrational capabilities.

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